CMOS Full Form is Complementary
Metal Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is the fabrication technology
applied in semiconductors that are used in manufacturing modern day’s
transistors. These transistors are manufactured primarily for
computer microchips. These semiconductors are made from germanium and
silicon, the materials used to make CMOS conduct electricity. The specific
surface of these semiconductors is doped extensively by adding some impurities
to create high conduction region either with a negative charge (N-type
transistors) or positive charge electrons (P-type transistors).
This carrier then forms a current portal
that forms an efficient electrical control. CMOS transistors use zero power
when not required. When the electric direction changes quickly, the transistors
heat up. This attribute usually
limits the speed of microprocessors. CMOS is generally used in static Random
Access Memory (RAM), image sensors,microprocessors, digital logic circuits,
microcontrollers, and also in the modification of digital data in different
format. The information about the computer configuration is stored on CMOS chip.
The information stored on this chip is called Real-time clock, which saves data
as soon as the computer is switched off.
CMOS carries electrical items found in
either one circuit or in multiple groups of the circuit. Each and every circuit
works for a specific purpose which increases a computer’s competence and
performance. The two important traits of CMOS are 1) the power consumption is
low and static 2) the CMOS resists high electronic noise levels. Processors
using CMOS transistors are efficient and run at extremely high speeds without
heating up. Further, CMOS uses lithium batteries that can last between 2 to 10
years. However, once the battery dies, one has to replace the entire CMOS chip.