MRI Full Form Name
Full Form of MRI :
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI Full Form is Magnetic
Resonance Imaging. MRI is an imaging technique used by physicians in order
to diagnose the internal organs to treat them. MRI makes use of radio frequency
pulses and a strong magnetic field to give detailed pictures of the targeted
organs on a computer screen. It can also take pictures of tissues, bones, and
almost any internal structure of the body. MRI is different from x-ray as
ionizing radiation is not used.
A detailed MRI picture or image
can help doctors to analyze parts of the body in order to identify the diseases
present based on the symptoms. These images can be printed out to maintain hard
copies of reports. It is absolutely painless and very safe for all ages.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) and Magnetic Resonance Tomography
(MRT) are the other terms used to refer MRI technique in the medical field.
MRI Full Form – Additional
Information
Our body is an amazing specimen
that has many wonders to explore. These wonders are nothing but our different
organs which are well protected in the cage of the body. So when
something goes wrong with us physically the need to study these inner organs to
ascertain where the problem lies arises. These studies were initially conducted
by using X-ray, CT scan (computed tomography) or ultrasound scan.
What is MRI?
MRI is a body test that is
conducted using a powerful magnetic field and series of radio wave energy that
forms a digital image of the internal structure of the body and the various
organs therein. The advantage of MRI is that since the images are digital, they
can be saved on the computer for future reference. MRI helps in giving a
different perspective to the images created through X-ray, CT scan etc and that
helps the doctors to get a clearer picture of the organs and the problems that
are present. In order to accentuate some areas for better study during
operations or investigation, a contrast dye material is injected intravenously.
The other scanning methods are
unable to show internal problems effectively like bleeding, hemorrhage, damaged
cells, and tissues, etc. Thus, it is necessary to perform an MRI to understand
the proper gravity of the injury or ailment. During MRI, the person is placed
in an enclosed machine unit that has a powerful magnet installed. The scan is
conducted by an MRI technologist and the results are interpreted by a trained
radiologist. However, other specialist doctors too can study the MRI scan
reports and take action likewise.
Preparing for MRI Scan
MRI scanning is done under
special conditions and there are certain procedures to be followed before a
person can take this test. Most important is getting ready for the scan. Since
the person is subjected to a magnetic field, it is essential to remove any
metal objects present on the person. This includes jewelry, metallic hair
clips, bracelets, belts, watches, etc. Personal use equipment like a hearing
aid, dentures, braces etc are to be removed as they too can be attracted by the
magnet and cause harm.
The patient’s medical history is
studied to ascertain if there are internal metallic objects implanted like
joints and rods for orthopedic use, pacemaker and stents for a heart condition,
etc. In order to get a proper scan done, depending upon the area to be scanned,
the patient is asked to remove all clothes and given a gown to wear. Sometimes underwear
may be allowed. If you are permitted to keep the clothes on in case of head or
upper body scan, it is still advisable to empty the contents of the pockets
like coins, credit, and debit cards etc. The ATM/credit cards have a magnetic
scanner strip and there are chances that high-power MRI magnet may erase the
data off the strip.
Understanding The Procedure of
MRI Scan
Once the person is prepared for
the scan, he/she is asked to lie down on the back on a stretcher table that is
part of the scanning machine. It is necessary to be absolutely still while the
scan is in progress. Thus, the head, arms, and chest is strapped securely to
the table. The sliding table then is passed in the scanner unit in the presence
of the magnet. A coil-like device is positioned over or enfolded around the
spot to be scanned. A particular belt strap helps to monitor the person’s
breathing and heartbeats. This enables the machine to take images at the time
when the person is relaxed and comfortable.
The mere thought of passing
through a big, enclosed magnetic field makes people uneasy and nervous.
Nonetheless, presently there are machines that conduct open MRI scan. However,
the images obtained are not of the high quality of the enclosed unit. The
doctors give sedatives to the person to calm him down. This is essential
because the person needs to be as still as possible on the table to ensure that
the scan is done perfectly without any disturbed images. The inside of the
scanning machine has a fan and one can feel the air moving and the
tapping and snapping sound when the images are being taken.
In order to calm the patient,
headphones with music attachment or earplugs may be given to diminish the
machine noise. During the scan, the person is alone inside the scanning area
but is observed through a window by the technician. There can be two-way
communications with the technologist over an intercom and the person subjected
to scan can inform of his condition like a headache, nausea, dizziness,
breathlessness, etc to adjust / interrupt the scan accordingly. In the case of
special screening, contrast material can be injected intravenously for 1 to 2
minutes.
Why is MRI Necessary?
MRI is necessary because there
are certain areas of the body that cannot be effectively scanned by normal
scanning machines. The MRI is usually done of the following body areas:
§ Head: To see if there
are any abnormalities in the blood vessels, pituitary glands, clots in the
brain, to ascertain the cause of headaches, damage due to injury, etc. Besides
this, there can be a study of water in the brain, tumors, abscesses, checking
eyes and ears for optic or auditory nerves damage.
§ Abdomen: To check for
any tissue damage or tumors. MRI can detect if the tumor is cancerous or not.
To check for blockages in the bile duct or urinary tract, to inspect the organs
before transplantation or surgery to see if the blood vessels and organs are in
good condition.
§ Knees: MRI of knees
predicts any damage to ligaments, knee cap, joints, etc. It can detect any bone
tumors or signs of arthritis as well as inflamed cartilage or tendons.
§ Shoulder: To detect any
snapped ligament, cartilage or tissues, to find the cause of shoulder pain,
injury to shoulder blade, etc.
§ Spine: MRI of the
spine can help detect slip disc, pressed nerves, signs of tumor spread from
lung, prostate or breast cancer, any kind of infection, compression fracture,
damaged nerves as a result of injury or multiple sclerosis and so on.
§ Breast: This area is
mainly scanned for detection of breast cancer.
Risks and Results of MRI
After the screening, the MRI
discloses
§ Any
abnormalities in the organs like growth of tumors in different locations in the
body
§ damaged nerves,
tissues or ligaments
§ detect any
blockages in blood vessels, bile duct or urinary tract for clots or stones etc
§ The size of an
internal organ, if it is enlarged or small or any part is missing or damaged.
§ Accumulation of
abnormal fluid in and around vital organs like heart, liver, lungs etc
§ Broken bones
due to injury or infection
§ Problems in the
spine and nervous system and probable causes of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease
or multiple sclerosis.
Even though MRI is a safe testing
method for thorough detection of internal injury and organ condition, there may
be a few risks involved and that is totally depending upon the person’s
physical state. MRI cannot be done if a person is pregnant or just had a major
surgery that needed a metal implant. Persons with a kidney problem, anemia or
diabetes need to disclose their condition to the doctor because the contrast
material that is used during MRI may not be suitable for such states.
Cosmetic implants, braces, metal
clips, metallic stents or pacemaker can cause a problem during the scan and it
is not advisable for these people to undergo MRI but to opt for other means of
scanning. MRI is an advanced method of anatomical detection and is very useful
for critical condition surgeries and treatments. However, it is best left to
the discretion of the technologist to finalize if a person is fit to take up
this procedure.
Full Form of MRI –
Magnetorotational Instability
MRI Full Form is Magnetorotational
Instability. MRI is basically an instability that is caused in a disk or
any other differentially rotating system present from the magnetic field’s
action. This instability can result in the turbulence of large scale in a very
small period of time. The growth of an MRI takes place on a dynamic timescale,
and this timescale is inversely proportional to the rotational frequency.
A poloidal magnetic field, that
is, a field that points in the disc’s normal direction, of a weaker strength is
one of the essential conditions of the occurrence of the MRI. Another essential
condition for this instability to occur is the differential rotation of the
disc. Now, the astrophysical discs that have differential rotation are quite
common, and the magnetic field is found everywhere. Hence, the MRI takes place
in various astrophysical settings, like in proto-planetary discs, galactic
discs and X-ray binaries.
Chandrashekhar and Velikhov
studied the dynamics of the MRI in the 1950s. Hawley and Balbus were the ones
responsible for demonstrating that the manifestation of the MRI is possible in
the accretion disc. This accounted for turbulent mixings that needed for
explaining the observed rate of mass acceleration.
One of the highly complex
problems of non-linear nature is to model the interplay between the magnetic
fields that acts on plasma which is rotating differentially. This problem is
only tractable through the simulations. There are various numerical experiments
that were set up for simulating the MRI growth on different scales. These
experiments include the local shearing boxes, axisymmetric discs, and full
three-dimensional disc simulation.
According to the results obtained
from these simulations, the flow that occurs due to the MRI’s result is
turbulent instead of being viscous. Although the growth of this instability
does not depend on the strength of the initial field, the strength of the field
has a significant effect on the size scale of the growing modes. It was also
noticed that this instability also functioned as an effective dynamo that
aligns and strengthens the disc’s magnetic field. Due to this action of the
dynamo, the jets are launched in a direction perpendicular to the disc.
MRI Full Form – Meteorological
Research Institute
Full Form of MRI is Meteorological
Research Institute. MRI is a facility of the JMA or Japan Meteorological
Institute that does research for clarifying and supporting the hydrological,
terrestrial and meteorological phenomena predictions. It also helps in the
development of the associated technologies and techniques. Additionally, it
provides assistance in the advancement of the technology used in the
meteorological services.
Japan is among those countries in
the world that have frequent experiences of conditions resulted from the
natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, typhoons, torrential rainfall,
earthquake and other violent natural events. One of an essential issue that
this nation faces today is to mitigate these disasters and make the society
more secure. The JMS helps by providing information that can assist in
decreasing the aftereffects of natural disasters supports safety in traffic,
improve the lives of people, and foster development of industries. There are
other research communities and organizations that MRI collaborates with. IT
also contributed to global bodies like the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change).
There are seven departments in
the MRI. The first department is the Forecast Research Department. This
department studies weather phenomena like tornadoes, heavy rainfall, and
torrential rain. It also develops atmospheric numerical models of high
resolution and accuracy for supporting the predictions of severe weather events.
The second department is the climate research department that research on the
advance prediction of the climatic condition for the projection of global
warming and seasonal forecasting.
The third is the typhoon research
department that researches the generation of tropical cyclones, their tracking,
intensification, transition, and intensity. The fourth is the Atmospheric and
Applied Meteorology department that deals with research on urban heat islands,
ozone depletion, global warming and regional air pollution. The fifth is the
Volcanology department that studies the volcanic eruptions’ description, and
the systems, tools, and machinery utilized for observing the volcanic activity.
Full Form of MRI – Manchester
Royal Infirmary
MRI Full Form is Manchester
Royal Infirmary. MRI is basically a hospital that is located in Manchester
(England). Charles White founded this hospital in the year 1952. During that
time, it served as cottage hospital that had a capability of taking care of
twelve patients. Presently, the MRI is a portion of the NHS Trust. The trust
incorporates several other hospitals and is known as the CMFT (Central
Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust).
Today, the hospital contains more
than seven hundred and fifty beds. It specializes in pancreatic transplants,
renal surgery and medicine, cardiology and kidney transplants. The
emergency department of this hospital has the capability of dealing with over
one hundred and forty-five thousand patients every year.
The MRI also serves as a teaching
hospital for the Medical School of the Manchester’s University, and also as a
regional center for sickle cell disease and hematology. Its Heart Center is the
major cardiac service provider in the region and specializes in the cardiology
and cardiothoracic surgery.
MRI has seen numerous medical
breakthroughs. The most recent one was being the first hospital in the United
Kingdom to have conducted one thousand cochlear implants. In the year 1988, the
foundations of the Manchester Diabetes Center were laid, and it was the first
center in the UK to be dedicated entirely to diabetes. In the year 2009, an eye
hospital and a children’s hospital were also added.
Some of the additional
departments in the MRI include Allergy services in hospital, Colorectal cancer
services, Dermatology, Complementary Medicine, Ear, Nose & Throat;
Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Endocrine and thyroid surgery, General
Medicine, Gastrointestinal cancer services, Geriatric Medicine, General
Surgery, Orthopedics, Respiratory Medicine, Rehabilitation, Sexual health
services, Rheumatology, etc.