PWD Full Form Name
Full
Form of PWD :
Public
Works Department
PWD
Full Form is Public Works Department.
PWD is a department which has the responsibility to take care of
public sector works in India. Almost every country has its own PWDs in state
levels and sometimes at the city levels too. The key responsibilities
include urban development, maintaining as well as building public
premises, etc.
PWD
also undertakes various complicated construction projects like fly overs,
roads, and other public utilities. Other responsibilities include Design and
development of bridges and roads, Development of tourists resorts, Water
supply, License for usage of unused water frontage or roads, Property
accommodation & management, Water supply and sewage, Construction of government
buildings and accommodation.
In
India, PWD is categorized as CPWD or central public works department and state
PWD. The states which have separate PWD are Arunachal Pradesh,
Karnataka, Punjab, Utter Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Kerala and Tamil
Nadu.
PWD
Full Form – Additional Information
For
any country to flourish in trade and tourism there needs to be a good
infrastructure that can facilitate smooth movements. For this, there is a
necessity of having good roads, highways, bridges etc that can effortlessly
connect the various cities for commuting and development.
Role
of PWD
PWD
or the Public Works Department is appointed to create the above-mentioned
facilities for the cities. It undertakes the construction of roads, bridges and
maintenance of National Highways. Besides this, the PWD is responsible for
construction and maintenance of Government-owned buildings and hospitals.
Tourism being a major source of economy through the country, the PWD makes
arrangements for the tourist stay in government Rest Houses. These are equipped
with basic amenities to make the traveller’s stay comfortable.
With
the increase in vehicular traffic and the need for commuting to different
states for work or other reasons, it is utmost essential to have a free flowing
road without congestion. This brought in the necessity of having bridges over
rivers and inland flyovers so that the people would find it easy to travel from
one place to another without much trouble. Another important role that the PWD
plays is ensuring that there is adequate water supply to the masses. This can
be achieved by construction of dams and canals to channelize the water supply.
Our country gets enough rainfall in some parts whereas certain areas face
famine. Proper water distribution to all areas helps to tackle this problem.
PWD
– Structure and Duties
The
Public Works Department is state wise as well as a Central body. At the central
level, it is known as Central Public Works Department. It is lead by Director
General, who is also the Technical Advisor in the Government. To assist him
there are regional and sub-regional heads, namely Special DGs and Additional
DGs respectively. There are Chief Engineers who look after the zones in all
state capitals. CPWD comes under the Ministry of Urban Development. The duty of
these persons is to plan and commission different civil projects all over the
country.
The
projects undertaken by the Public Works Department are extensive and thus, they
need to appoint outside contractors to execute the jobs. However, there is a
process of selection of contractors and it is done through floating sealed
tenders for the projects. This ensures that there is no favoritism and a
deserving contractor is awarded the project that can run in certain lakhs or
crores. Before any project is started, it needs to be sanctioned by the
Government and a survey needs to be done to plan the work. Accordingly, they
work on the budget and then appoint the contractor. CPWD is the agency that is
responsible for Central Government specified work of planning, repairs,
maintenance and construction of buildings and other works which are funded
through the Civil Works Budget.
Classification
& Execution of Work of PWD
PWD’s
work is classified in three categories – original works, repairs, and petty
work.
“Original
works” denote the new construction projects
and alterations or additions to ready works, as well as any specific repairs to
newly acquired or previously bought or discarded works.
“Repairs”
indicate action undertaken to
restore the buildings and works in suitable condition. Repairs can be of two
kinds – Annual repairs and Special repairs. Annual repairs are jobs like color
painting, white washing or distempering. These activities are carried out only
on an annual basis.
Special
repair is required when any damage is noticed and needs to be rectified like
repairing the floor, changing broken doors or windows, plastering the premises,
etc. These needs to be done as and when the problem arises or when it comes to
the notice of supervisors.
“Petty
works” refers to expenses occurred for small alterations or
additions to residential / non-residential buildings or expenses on various
items needed for road works.
After
receiving the requisition for a particular work that needs to be accomplished,
a preliminary working plan needs to be chalked out on the basis of which
preliminary estimate can be prepared to ascertain the cost of the project. It
is then sent for the administrative approval of the requisitioning authority.
Before any project can be started, it has to fulfill these requirements:
- Get the administrative approval
- Get the expense budget
sanctioned
- Obtain a technical consent
- Assigning or re-assigning of
funds
How
the system works
Undertaking
any project in the PWD is not a small or simple task. There are many conditions
and steps that have to be completed before the actual work starts. These are
termed as pre-construction steps. There are almost 20 steps involved in the
process.
- Obtain requisition for work
from the client.
- Prepare a data of site and soil
where the construction is proposed.
- Preparation of preliminary work
plan in view of the client’s requirements.
- Plan approval by the client.
- Preparing the preliminary
estimate and inspection by the Senior Architect.
- Clients approving the estimate.
- Preparation and submission of
the approved plan to the Local bodies.(Municipality, etc)
- Plan approval by Local bodies.
- Preparing the introductory
Structural Sizes.
- Prepare service drawings
- Prepare the Architectural
drawings
- Preparation of summary of
detailed estimate and design review with client and incorporation of
changes in any.
- A detailed estimation for the
main buildings and related services like Electrical, Civil and Mechanical.
- Preparing the structural
drawings
- Formatting a draft for the work
schedules and call for pre-qualification applications.
- Select the contractors from the
application list.
- Hold a pre-bid conference and
invite tenders.
- Receiving the tenders.
- Finalizing a party and awarding
the work.
- Invite applications and allot
work for external and electrical services.
During
the construction stage, the following are observed:
Managing
the contract and executing the work, completing the project, testing and
commissioning the work, obtaining Completion and Occupancy certificates from
the Local bodies, handing over the completed construction to the client and
finally settling the accounts.
Other
works of PWD
Besides
constructing roads, bridges, and flyovers, the PWD also undertakes projects of
construction of residential and non-residential Government buildings,
hospitals, air-terminals, etc. The CPWD was instrumental in preparing the
various stadium venues for Commonwealth games, Asian games, etc. It is the
responsibility of the PWD to ensure water supply to rural and urban areas. They
maintain the State as well as National Highways and undertake road construction
and development under district and state level. PWD also construct ports and
terminals for easy transportation of goods. Public Works Department is the key
entity that is responsible for bringing about development changes in a state /
country.