NASA Full Form Name: NASA Meaning
Full Form of NASA:
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
NASA Full Form is National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It is
a government agency of the USA which is responsible for aerospace research,
aeronautics as well as space programs. NASA has been aiding scientists to
explore and understand the solar system by sending satellites, space shuttles
and humans to space. With head quarters at Washington D.C., NASA has
established various centers across the USA with about 18,000 people working for
it. Let us shed some light on NASA Full Form.
Brief History of NASA:
NASA was formed in the year 1958 when Dwight D. Eisenhower was
the President of the USA. Prior to the formation of NASA, there was a federal
agency called NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) which was
looking after the space activities in the country.
National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics:
It was a federal agency of the United States established in 1915
to promote aeronautical research in the country. During 1940 – 1950, NACA was
building experimental rocket planes in collaboration with Bell Aircraft
Company. The most significant experimental supersonic plane built by this
collaboration is Bell X-1. This was built to get some flight data in the
transonic speed range conditions. Then there was a challenge for NACA during
1957 – 58 (which is called as International Geophysical Year) to launch a satellite
to space. This had led to the Project Vanguard.
Project Vanguard:
It was a program by the Naval Research Laboratory of the USA
that had the intension of launching first artificial satellite by using
vanguard rocket.
After the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite by
the space super power USSR (expanded as Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in
1957, there was a crisis in the United States of America (nicknamed as Sputnik
Crisis). The American public had some kind of anxiety and fear that there
existed a very significant technological gap between USA and USSR. The US
Congress strongly felt the threat to national security and the US technology
leadership.
In response to the launch of Sputnik, the USA had to restart the
Explorers Program that was earlier proposed by the Army Ballistic Missile
Agency. Subsequently the collaboration between the Naval Research Laboratory
and Army Ballistic Missile Agency was instrumental in launching Explorer 1, the
first satellite by the USA. This feat was achieved after two failures of the
launch attempt.
Subsequently in 1958 NACA called for a Special Committee on
Space Technology meeting headed by scientist and administrator Horton Guyford
Stever. The mandate given to the committee was to coordinate with various
departments of the federal government, universities and private companies in
the USA to harness the expertise and bring them together to develop a national
space program. Finally National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 bill was
passed in by the US congress and a new agency called National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, which would only focus on space research, was formed.
Thus NACA was dissolved in October 1958 and a new space agency
called NASA became operational.
Manned Missions by NASA:
NASA has launched more than 100 successful manned flights since
its inception. The following is the brief introduction about various human
space flight programs successfully completed by NASA.
Project Mercury:
It was the 1st human space flight program of NASA
started in the year 1959. The main goal of this project was to send a human
into low earth orbit (before Soviet Union does) and return the person safely.
Project Mercury was started immediately after the launch of Sputnik 1 (First
man made satellite sent by Soviet Union in the year 1957). As mentioned
earlier, the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Russians had created a crisis in the
USA which led to the space race.
The Mercury spacecraft was built by McDonnell Aircraft
Corporation and it carried oxygen, food, and water in a pressurized cabin. The
launch of Mercury flights had taken place at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
which used Atlas D and Redstone missiles. As a safety measure the capsule was
fitted to an escape rocket which could take the crew away from the launch
vehicle in case there is any failure of the flight. This project was ended in
1963 after putting six US astronauts into space.
Project Gemini:
It was the 2nd human space flight program of NASA
started in the year 1961. The main objective of this project was to develop
techniques which are required while travelling to space and use those
techniques that could support the Apollo mission of landing men on the moon.
Project Gemini demonstrated various techniques like extra-vehicular activity,
orbital maneuvers, rendezvous and docking. As these techniques were already
demonstrated by this project, Apollo pursued with its primary mission and
skipped these exploratory operations.
All Gemini flights were launched using a modified
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile called Gemini Titan II. The launches took
places at the Launch Complex 19 of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The
robustness of the Gemini was good enough that the United States Air Force had a
plan of using it for a Manned Orbiting Laboratory program as well. Project
Gemini was ably supported by the astronaut corps which included Mercury Seven,
1963 Astronaut Class and the New Nine (NASA’s Astronaut Group 2). The
Project Gemini was ended in the year 1966.
Apollo program (Project Apollo):
It was the 3rd human space flight program of NASA
started in the year 1961. The main objective of this project was to put human
on the surface of the moon and that goal was achieved successfully in the year
1969. Apollo program was ably supported by the Gemini program that developed
key space travel techniques which proved to be crucial for the success of the
Project Apollo. Saturn family rockets were used for this project which included
three versions namely Saturn I, Saturn V and Saturn IB.
Project Apollo had a major setback in 1967 when fire broke out
in the cabin of the Command/Service Module during a launch rehearsal that
killed the crew of 3 astronauts. Despite this setback, Apollo program achieved
the goal of landing man on the moon with Apollo 11 on July 20, 1969. Launched
by the human rated Saturn V from the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Apollo 11
was the 5th manned mission by NASA that took a three member crew in
a Lunar Module to the Moon. History was made on July 20, 1969 when Neil Armstrong
and Buzz Aldrin had landed the Lunar Module and walked on the lunar surface.
Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the surface of the moon.
Subsequently, NASA conducted five Apollo missions that landed 12 men on the
surface of the moon and the project was ended in December 1972.
Skylab:
Skylab was the 1st space station of the USA. It had a
solar observatory, workshop and other systems. Skylab orbited the Earth between
1973 and 1979. Skylab was launched with the help of Saturn V rocket which had a
lift of weight of about 77 tons. NASA conducted three manned missions from 1973
to 1974 and numbers of scientific experiments were conducted. The most notable
feat of the Skylab experiments is that the crew was able to find coronal holes
in the Sun. It also took thousands of photos of Earth which were used for
studying various resources in the earth. However, in 1979 Skylab got
disintegrated upon entering the earth’s atmosphere and the project came to an
end.
Apollo Soyuz Test Project
(shortly ASTP):
ASTP was considered to be the policy of détente (It is a French
term which means (“relaxation”). This project marked the end of cold war and
space race between the USA and Soviet Union which started in the year 1957.
During this project, both the Soviet Union and the USA had conducted joint
scientific experiments which paved the way for future collaboration between the
two nations including International Space Station and Shuttle – Mir Program.
Shuttle – Mir Program:
It was the joint mission between the United States and Russia in
which American space shuttles visited a Russian space station (Mir). This
program also allowed the Russian cosmonauts to fly on space shuttles and
American astronauts to fly in a Soyuz spacecraft. The intention was to bring
together the two space powers and bridge the cold war that existed between the
two. There were 11 Space Shuttle missions and a joint Soyuz flight occurred
during the period between 1994 and 1998. Shuttle – Mir Program was reckoned to
be the stepping stone for the construction of the International Space Station.
Space Shuttle program (Space
Transportation System) :
In the history of space technology, Shuttle was the only manned
spacecraft which could orbit the low earth, re-enter the earth atmosphere and
land safely. NASA has built six vehicles under this program namely Enterprise,
Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour. This particular
program demonstrated re-usable launch vehicle technology as well. However, NASA
has retired the space shuttles after facing two fatal accidents which led to
the demise of 14 astronauts.
NASA for Student Community :
NASA supports and encourages school students who are
academically brilliant and have interest in space science. It has been awarding
various internships, fellowships and scholarships to meritorious students
to pursue their career in space science and technology. It periodically
conducts competitions and workshops for student community as well.
Full Form of NASA : National
Aeronautics and Space Act
Full Form of NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Act. Actually
it is the federal statue of the United States of America which created NASA.
Select Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration of the United States
created this act on 29-07-1958 and a signature from the then President
Eisenhower gave birth to NASA. The newly created space agency was given a
mandate to conduct the aeronautical and space activities of the United States.
Prior to enactment of National Aeronautics and Space Act, the
space exploration was carried out by military establishments in the USA. But
after the Sputnik Crisis there was a strong belief among the American public
that the military infrastructure was quite incapable for space exploration and
the USA was lacking in the space race with the Soviet Russia. If you look into
history you would understand that the launch of Sputnik (first satellite which
orbited earth) had been the sole reason for the enactment of this act.
Full Form of NASA : National
Association of Students of Architecture
Yet another NASA Full Form is National
Association of Students of Architecture. It is an association for the
Architecture students in India. It was formed in 1957 with an aim of providing
a platform for the architectural students of India, who come from various
cultural back grounds, to interact with each other and share their
architectural knowledge. Today, it is one of the non-profit & non-political
organizations which has students from more than 250 colleges. NASA conducts
various Seminars, Workshops, Design Competitions, and Panel Discussions for the
benefit of the architectural students in India.
NASA Full Form : National Auto
Sport Association
NASA stands for National Auto Sports Association. It is
an American Motorsports Organization founded in the year 1991 which provides
education on road racing and high-performance driving. It also facilitates many
events throughout the United States of America which include HPDE (High
Performance Driving Events), Rally sports, Time Trials, NASA-X and Club-level
automotive racing, etc.
NASA has put in place programs for the benefit of the owners of
both race cars and high-performance street driven vehicles. They can learn road
racing and driving in a safe and controlled environment to enjoy the full
efficiency and capability of their cars. The racing series conducted by NASA
include; American Iron Series, Factory Five Challenge, Camaro Challenge or
Mustang Challenge, German Touring Series, Porsche Racing Challenge, etc. NASA
held the National Championship for the first time in September 2006 at
Mid-Ohio.
Full Form of NASA : North
American Saxophone Alliance
Full Form of NASA stands for North American Saxophone Alliance.
It is the North American organization formed in 1976 for the benefit of
saxophone players across North America. Frederick Hemke is the founder of this
organization. NASA was established following the foot prints of the Association
of French Saxophonists, a similar organization in French. Now, it is the
largest organization in the world dedicated to saxophone community which
believes in the notion that saxophone is the medium of musical expression.
Since the inception, NASA has been offering regional, state and
international conferences which attract saxophonists to give performances and
lectures. NASA also conducts various competitions for the next generation
saxophonists. NASA memberships are given to saxophonists who need to pay dues
and the amount may vary depending upon the age. NASA is known for hosting
biennial international conferences. It also hosts regional conferences at the
respective regional centers.
NASA Full Form : National Academy
of Sciences of Armenia
NASA Full Form refers to National Academy of Sciences of
Armenia. It is the organization in the Republic of Armenia which is responsible
for scientific research in the country. NASA was formed in the year 1943 and
Mr. Orbeli was the first president of this academy. National Academy of
Sciences of Armenia was formed in the lines of Armenian Branch of the Soviet
Academy of Sciences which was founded in 1935. This academy carries out
research in fundamental and applied sciences and also coordinates research related
activities that are being carried out in various parts of the country.
Full Form of NASA – Frequently
Asked Questions
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Popular Full Form of NASA :
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US Space Agency
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National Aeronautics and Space
Act
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US Federal Statute
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ORGANIZATION TERMS
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ORGANIZATION TERMS
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